Study of neurological deficits in patients with tuberculous meningitis and its association with urodynamic study

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the main form of tuberculosis that affects the central nervous system and is associated with high rates of death and disability. The objective of this study was to study neurological symptoms in TBM patients using clinical diagnosis and MRI of spine and comparing with urodynamic study.Methods: Fifty one patients diagnosed with TBM were studied in Neurology Department of KGM Medical University, Lucknow. Uroflowmetry and urodynamic study were done to divide the patients into normal and abnormal. A detailed history taking, general physical and neurological examination using MRI spinal cord was done and recorded on a predesigned proforma.Results: Visual impairment, hemiparesis, paraparesis, abnormal tone and reflexes in lower limbs showed significant association with abnormality in urodynamic study. MRI spine showed significant relationship of spinal meningeal enhancement, lumbosacral arachnoiditis, with abnormal urodynamic study.Conclusions: We found a significant association between neurological symptoms and abnormal urodynami

EVALUATION OF SOLITARY POLYPOID MASS IN COLORECTAL REGION WITH CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION.

Objectives: We conducted this research to comprehensively evaluate solitary polypoids in the colorectal place by conducting a clinicopathological correlation. We aimed to determine the medical and pathological characteristics of those masses, their incidence, and the affiliation among clinical findings and histopathological features. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of patients who offered solitary polypoid masses within the colorectal area at Patna in a tertiary care centre. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients with showed colorectal polyps primarily based on endoscopic findings. Biopsy specimens acquired during endoscopic approaches have been subjected to histopathological examination. Statistical evaluation, inclusive of chi-rectangular assessments or logistic regression, is performed as appropriate to determine massive correlations. Results: Among the polyps studied, 60% were identified as adenomatous, 25% as hyperplastic, 10% as serrated, and 5% as inflammatory subtypes. Additionally, 18% of adenomatous polyps exhibited high-grade dysplasia, indicating an accelerated chance of malignancy. A  statistically enormous association between patient age and the chance of adenomatous polyps (p < 0.05), with older patients being more at risk of adenomatous lesions. Conclusion: The prevalence of adenomatous polyps and the presence of high-grade dysplasia among them reaffirm the want for vigilant tracking and intervention. These outcomes contribute to the developing frame of proof helping early detection and tailor-made control strategies for colorectal pathologies, ultimately aiming to enhance patient effects and reduce the weight of colorectal malignancies. Recommendation: More such studies are required and physicians need to take studies into consideration while assessing the symptoms and deriving the diagnosis of the study

HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSIES IN UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL LESIONS- A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Objectives: Upper gastrointestinal tract illnesses are among the most typical issues in clinical practice. Many diseases can affect the upper GIT. One of the key components of creating a successful treatment strategy is making a correct diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal problems, which necessitates histological confirmation. Identify the range of upper gastrointestinal tract histopathological lesions and establish endoscopic biopsies as a valuable tool for accurately diagnosing and treating a variety of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions. Materials & Methods:  The endoscopic biopsies of the upper GIT were the subjects of a prospective study, and the histological evaluation took place at the Department of Pathology at a tertiary care center for over a year. Results: 326 endoscopic biopsies from a total of 288 patients were examined. Patients who were men outnumbered patients who were women. A 9-88 age range was noted. There were cases involving the esophagus (18.4%), the GE junction (3.06%), the stomach (57.05%), the neo stomach (GJstoma), and the duodenum (20.85%). 20.24 percent of cases were benign neoplasms, 18.40 percent were malignant neoplasms, and 61.34 percent were non-neoplastic. The most often diagnosed inflammatory lesion, gastritis, was identified by histopathology as having 63 cases (63%), while the majority of the time identified malignant lesion, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, had 19 instances (63.33%). Conclusion: In our study, 31.18% of neoplastic tumors and 69.89% of non-neoplastic lesions were found in the stomach (57%), which was also the most frequently used site for upper GI endoscopic biopsy. The most typical kind of stomach tumor is adenocarcinoma. Endoscopy enables the collection of biopsy samples from previously inaccessible sites without requiring a sizable resection. Recommendation: It is recommended to comprehend the variety of abnormalities that can be seen in these specimens to make the correct diagnosis and provide better patient treatment

Melamine Polyimide Composite Fire Resistant Intumescent Coatings

Components of intumescent coatings acid source, carbon source and blowing agent like melamine linked together by a binder provide cumulative fire retardant properties. When temperature of the coating surface reaches a critical temperature under the heat of flame, the surface begins to melt and is converted into highly viscous liquid. Simultaneously, reactions are initiated that result in the release of inert gases with low thermal conductivity. These gases are trapped inside the viscous fluid forming insulating char. The special composite of melamine polyimide, a C source and melamine a blowing agent showed high performance heat resistance in the present study. Polyimides have excellent heat and chemical resistance, excellent adhesion to a number of substrates and superior mechanical properties, such as high flexural modulus and compressive strength. Polyimides are also known to possess outstanding dimensional stability under loads, which allows their use in high temperature environments. Effect of the monomer on chemical reactivity between the binder and the intumescent additives has been studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter and FTIR analysis. Thermal insulation studies by various intumescent composite coatings, applied on aluminium plates provided useful time temperature profiles.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(4), pp.442-446, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.487

Shapes with sutli : the string game

This article describes an activity where students created different geometrical shapes using a closed-loop string and developed conceptual understanding by engaging with properties of the shapes. The activity encouraged them to think deeply about the meaning of points, straight lines, edges, faces, and angles of geometrical shapes. Using standard models which are generally available, students only get to view geometrical shapes or build them by following a set of instructions. However, the activity described here provided students the opportunity to interact with each other, build various shapes and think creatively about how to prove their properties, thus, developing an in-depth understanding

Which is the best deal?

This article presents a task in which students explore how to help a shopkeeper decide the best deal for purchasing soaps from three different wholesalers. The students express the options in the language of mathematics to find the cost for a certain number of soaps. They further write linear equations to find the changeover point at which a different shop becomes a better deal. The exploration task lets students “get inside” the mathematics and appreciate how algebra can be used in decision making. This task is suitable for students of classes 8 to 10. It covers the content domains of Arithmetic, Algebraic Expressions, Linear Equations and Coordinate Geometry

Salmonella typhimurium meningitis in an immunocompetent infant

Meningitis due to Salmonella is rare and associated with high morbidity, mortality, and relapse rates despite adequate treatment.Here, we report a case of meningitis due to Salmonella typhimurium in an immunocompetent infant. The child was brought to thepediatric emergency department with complaints of high-grade fever, loose motions, vomiting, and irritability of 3-day duration.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was suggestive of acute bacterial meningitis, and the child was started on intravenous ceftriaxone.The CSF and blood cultures grew S. typhimurium and the treatment was accordingly modified. His serum immunoglobulin levelswere normal, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV was negative. Clinical course, antibiotic treatment, and outcomeof the case are discussed here

Reviving the energy independent suppression of the solar neutrino flux

We explore the possibility of an energy independent suppression of the solar neutrino flux in the context of the recent SuperKamiokande data. From a global analysis of the rate and spectrum data, this scenario is allowed at only 14% probability with the observed Cl rate. If we allow for a 20% upward renormalization of the Cl rate along with a downward renormalization of the B neutrino flux then the fit improves considerably to a probability of ~50%. We compare the quality of these fits with those of the MSW solutions. These renormalizations are also found to improve the quality of the fits with MSW solutions and enlarge the allowed region of their validity in the parameter space substantially. Over much of this enlarged region the matter effects on the suppression of the solar neutrino flux are found to be very weak, so that the solutions become practically energy independent